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PICO principles elements identification and research

This is an assignment that discusses the PICO principles elements identification and research. The paper also discusses the potential impact of the procedures.

The PICO principles elements identification and research

1. Study Design [35] 1.1 Briefly describe the research question that this paper aimed to address (no more than 250 words). [2]
1.2 i) Firstly, apply the PICO (population (P), intervention (I), comparison (C) and outcome(s) (O)) principle, to identify each of the P-I-C-O elements of the study. [5]
ii) What is the primary outcome of this research? Justify your answer. [2]
1.3 The authors describe the study as a “Single blind randomized clinical trial.” i) State the randomization procedure the authors used in this study. [2]
ii) Also, describe the “blindness” status in this study. [2]
iii) Then, discuss any potential impact of these two procedures on the validity of the study results. [4]

iv) Secondly, propose an alternative randomization approach which is different from what had been used in this article. [3]
1.4 From a research terminology view point, is this i) an experimental/observational, ii) prospective/retrospective and iii) cross-sectional/longitudinal study? Please justify your answer. [6]
1.5 Thirdly, briefly propose a different study design (other than a randomized clinical trial) to compare the effectiveness of two different doses of fluoride toothpaste in improving oral health. Comparing the study design that you have proposed to the one proposed by the authors, list two strengths and two weaknesses of the design you have suggested. [9]

The PICO principles elements identification and research

2. This question focuses on the “Subjects” section of the paper: [9]
2.1) The authors used “DMFS>=5“ as an inclusion criterion to recruit “caries-active adolescents”. Identify “DMFS” variable’s type (qualitative/quantitative, categorical/binary/ordinal/nominal/continuous/discrete). [6]
2.2) Fourthly, provide 3 possible values that the variable DMFS can take. [3]
3. This question focuses on Table 1, which summarizes the baseline caries condition of the subjects in the two arms. [21]
3.2) The second row of Table 1 (extract shown below) shows the DiFS different at the baseline for the two arms. Assume DiFS is a normally distributed variable for this question. Use the table below to answer the following questions: [13]

3.2.1) Then, determine the DiFS range for the 5000ppm group that 70% of the participants (roughly 73 out of 104) fall into. [4]

3.2.2) For the 5000ppm group, if another random sample of 104 participants was selected from the same population, what is the chance that the average DiFS of this new sample will be over 16 surfaces? Show your calculation and interpret the results. [5]

3.2.3) Use your own words to explain the terminology: “Standard Error” and “Standard Deviation”. [4]

4. Using the results from Table 3, conduct a statistical test to answer the following question: Does the “Prevented Fraction in Progression” in Compliance B group outperform the Prevented Fraction in Compliance A Group? Write down the null and alternative hypotheses, state the statistical method used, conduct the analysis, report the estimates, and write a paragraph regarding your interpretation. Set the type one error to be 0.05. [8]

The PICO principles elements identification and research

5. For this question, note that details of the sample size calculations are given under the “Statistical Methods” section of the article. [27]
5.1 Also, list 4 key elements, and their values, as used by the authors for the sample size calculation. [4]
5.2 Then, explain in your own words what “Type I errors (alpha)” and “Type II errors” are in statistics, using the sample size determination context given by the authors. [6]
5.3 What is the sample size by the sample size calculation? What is the total sample size adopted by the authors in this study? Additionally, are these two numbers the same or different (which is bigger)? Give a reason why this might be the case. [4]

5.4. Consider a situation when a study failed to recruit the sample size originally planned for (for example, if in the current study PI could only recruit 80 subjects). Explain the potential impact of using this smaller sample size on the data analysis. [4]
5.5 In general terms, briefly describe the effect on the sample size if the power was increased to 99%. [2]
5.6. Lastly, consider the situation that the authors want to plan a new follow-up study, and have recruited you as the trial statistician. You are to also conduct a new sample size calculation with alpha (2-sided) changed to 20%, from the original study design, and other elements remaining the same. Finally, show your calculation (pen/paper or a screen shot if using online sample size calculation tool). Give advice to PI how many subjects should he/she recruit? [7]

RNs LPNs UAPs working night shift on a medical unit

You are working the night shift on a medical unit and have been assigned charge nurse responsibilities. Further, you are working with four RNs, one LPN, and two UAPs.

You are working the night shift on a medical unit

Case Study: You are working the night shift on a medical unit and have been assigned charge nurse responsibilities. You are working with four RNs, one LPN, and two UAPs. A client becomes pulseless and is not breathing, and the nurse assigned to the client’s care calls a code. The nurse is occupied at this client’s bedside for 1.5 hours until the resuscitation effort is completed, and the client is transferred to the intensive care unit. This nurse also has four other assigned clients. In addition to the nurse assigned to care for the client requiring resuscitation, two of the other nurses working on your unit are assisting in the code.

Review the case study and write an essay (suggested length of 2–3 pages, excluding title page and reference page) in which you do the following:

Discuss what tasks could you delegate to the UAPs?
The LPN working on the unit is a new graduate and has been employed for only 4 weeks. How would you collaborate with this nurse when delegating tasks for completion?

Discuss how you will maintain the safety of the other clients on your unit while three nurses are occupied with the client requiring resuscitation?

Explain how might effective delegation to other team members contribute to care of the clients on the unit? (Remember, this is not a question about the patient that is code. How you will handle the unit while you are short staff).

More details;

Role of gestures in KINESICS in the study of body motion

This is a paper that focuses on the Role of gestures in KINESICS in the study of body motion or body behavior . The paper looks that the various gestures that are in the topic and what role they play in KINESICS.

Role of gestures in KINESICS in the study of body motion or body behavior

E‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‍‍‌‌‌‍mblems: gestures that have a direct verbal translation and can stand alone such as the “ok” sign. Illustrators: gestures that complement our words such as pointing when giving directions. Regulators: gestures that may prolong or terminate the conversation such as looking at your watch, walking away or nodding and leaning forward. Adaptors: gestures that make you feel more comfortable in a communication situation such as twirling your hair or tapping your fingers. Affect Displays: facial expressions motivated by emotion such as a smile or frown.

In this lesson, you will venture out and observe the people around you. Tune out what they are saying and then sit back and watch. Take notes on what type of gestures (emblems, regulators, illustrators, adaptors and affect displays) are they using?‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‍‍‌‌‌‍ How often do they use each one? Are they aware of these gestures? You will then use your notes to write a typed two-page essay describing what you witnessed. Please let us know where you were, the mall, Starbucks, work etc.. and who was involved, two men sitting at a table…

Describe at least ten separate gestures. What type? What are they conveying? How many repetitions? What are the circumstances? Please submit your essay to this dropbox and include the following: At least two pages typed– MINIMUM of 675 words Double spaced Paragraphs, not bullets Include nonverbal terminology Specific examples Reminder: All written work must comply with standard English rules, such as proper capitalization, grammar and spelling. The assignment must be submitted by the deadline listed on the ca‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‍‍‍‌‌‌‍lendar.

Risk Factor Identification Exercise – musculoskeletal disorders

This assignment is on Risk Factor Identification Exercise. This assignment is designed to provide an opportunity to apply the concepts presented in the Unit III Lesson regarding musculoskeletal disorders (MSD).

Risk Factor Identification Exercise-musculoskeletal disorders

This assignment is designed to provide an opportunity to apply the concepts presented in the Unit III Lesson regarding musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Specifically, you will be evaluating a work task to identify potential risk factors that could lead to the development of a musculoskeletal disorder.

Click here to access the video for this assignment. Please note that this video includes audio.

Firstly, Using the above video, write a two-page response that includes the following information:

Secondly, A description of the task being performe d;

Thirdly, A discussion of the individual and work-related risk factors in the video;

Fourthly, A discussion of the potential MSDs to which the workers are expose d;

Finally, A discussion of relationship between the human body, the workplace, and the development of MSDs.

Lastly, Your completed assignment must include a minimum of two outside sources.  One of which must be from the SCHOOL LIBRARY.

More details;

Musculoskeletal Disorders or MSDs are injuries that affect the human body’s movement or musculoskeletal system (i.e. muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, discs, blood vessels, etc.). Common musculoskeletal disorders include: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. … Muscle / Tendon strain. The most common and disabling musculoskeletal conditions are osteoarthritis, back and neck pain, fractures associate with bone fragility, injuries and systemic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Ethical Standards to Compete Internationally for MNC

This is an assignment that discusses the Ethical Standards to Compete Internationally. Additionally, the are other questions that are to be answered.

Ethical Standards to Compete Internationally

Answer any Nine (9) out of Ten (10) questions. Each Question carries 10 marks. All the questions are in the attachment below

Question 1:
Firstly, should an MNC Reduce Its Ethical Standards to Compete Internationally?
POINT: Yes.  When a U.S.-based MNC competes in some countries, it may encounter some business norms there that are not allowed in the U.S. For example, when competing for a government contract, firms might provide payoffs to the government officials who will make the decision. Yet, in the United States, a firm will sometimes take a client on an expensive golf outing or provide skybox tickets to events. This is no different than a payoff. If the payoffs are bigger in some foreign countries, the MNC can compete only by matching the payoffs provided by its competitors.

COUNTER-POINT:  No. A U.S.-based MNC should maintain a standard code of ethics that applies to any country, even if it is at a disadvantage in a foreign country that allows activities that might be viewed as unethical. In this way, the MNC establishes more credibility worldwide.
WHO IS CORRECT? Use the Internet to learn more about this issue. Which argument do you support? Offer your own opinion on this issue.

Question 2

Secondly, ArcelorMittal was the world’s largest steel producer in 2018 accounting for more than 5% of global crude steel production. They entered into a joint venture with Sahaviriya Steel Industries, the largest steel producer in South East Asia having their base in Thailand. The joint venture enabled ArcellorMittal to have its steel distributed through Sahaviriya’s distribution channels in Thailand and other parts of South East Asia.  In addition, it could utilize Sahaviriya’s facilities to produce steel products that would be sold locally.  In return, ArcelorMittal provided information about the American and European steel market to Jamahiriya.

Required:
a.      Explain how the joint venture enabled ArcelorMittal to achieve its objective of maximizing shareholder wealth.
b.     Explain how the joint venture limited the risk of the international business.
c.      Many international joint ventures are intended to circumvent barriers that normally prevent foreign competition.  What barrier in Thailand did ArcelorMittal circumvent as a result of the joint venture?  Lastly, what barrier in the Europe did Sahaviriya circumvent as a result of the joint venture?

Question 3:
Thirdly, explain the origin of what triggered the financial crisis in Greece? Also, how this could have caused contagion effects throughout Europe had not proper intervention taken place. Is the crisis finally over?