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Assignment 1: Deficit Spending During the Great Recession, like any other economic downturns, as unemployment rises, aggregate income declines causing a major decline in tax collections. On the other hand, with the rise in unemployment, spending on safety net programs rise. So, there are not too many good options available to resort the health of the national economy. It will be very difficult to defend cuts in the federal government programs and especially the programs geared to sustain the minimum of the standard of living for the recent “poor.” So, government needs to increase its borrowing. Deficit spending refers to government spending exceeding what it brings in federal income and corporate taxes during a certain period. Deficit spending hence increases government debt. Most economists accept that deficit spending is desirable and necessary as part of countercyclical fiscal policy. In such a case, government increases its borrowing and hence its deficit to compensate for the shortfall in aggregate demand. This is derived from Keynesian economics, and has been the mainstream economics view. Following John Maynard Keynes, many economists recommend deficit spending to moderate or end a recession, especially a severe one. When the economy has high unemployment, an increase in government purchases creates a market for business output, creating income and encouraging increases in consumer spending, which creates further increases in the demand for business output. (This is the multiplier effect). This raises the real gross domestic product (GDP) and the level of employment and lowers the unemployment rate. Government borrowing under such circumstances increases the demand for borrowing and thus pushes interest rates up. Rising interest rates can “crowd out” (discourage) fixed private investment spending, canceling out some of the demand stimulus arising from the deficit Write an essay analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of deficit spending and the effects of federal government borrowing on the economy i.e., the “crowding out” effect. Complete this essay in a Microsoft Word document, and in APA format. Note your submission will automatically be submitted through “TurnItIn” for plagiarism review. Please note that a minimum of 700 words for your essay is required. Your paper should be structured as follows 1. Cover page with a running head 2. Introduction: What is deficit spending and how does it work. 2.1. Advantages 2.2. Disadvantages 3. Crowding-out Effect 4. Conclusions: Do you believe that deficit spending helps or hinders short-term and long-term economic growth? 5. References

Based on your experiences, the textbook and other literature such as the article below, discuss how to determine project scope that reflects stakeholder perspectives and project requirements. You may use your own source(s). This is for a discussion so format is not important. http://www.dphu.org/uploads/attachements/books/books_1028_0.pdf Omachonu, V. K., & Einspruch, N. G. (2010). Innovation in healthcare delivery systems: A conceptual framework. The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, 15(1), 1-20.

For this paper, choose a quote from Descartes’ meditations that you think is centrally important. Put the quote at the top of the paper. Begin the paper by explaining the quote, and putting it in context. Then, tell me how you weigh in on the issue. Do you agree with Descartes? Disagree? Do you find flaws in his argument, or in the wider context in which you read the statement? Include a section in which you play devil’s advocate, in response to your initial position. What might someone who disagrees with you say about your own argument or reasoning? What strengths does your opposition have, and where are the weaknesses in your own view? Finally, respond to the opposition by directly addressing the critiques that you mentioned. Ultimately, you want to persuade me, you reader, that you have the more reasonable perspective on the issue (either along with or against Descartes). Or, perhaps simply that you have some new, interesting insight to offer on the topic. In that sense, this is an argument paper.

Strategic Case Analysis: RyanAir-Weblink and Full e-book attached Read Case 2-2: Ryanair—The Low Fares Airline in Barney. Use the guidelines below to prepare a written Strategic Case Analysis of Ryanair. Read the Appendix in the Barney text. This will tell you how to read the case study in such a way as to prepare you for the following analyses. In your final analysis paper, you need to be sure that you also answer any related questions included below. GUIDELINES Step 1: Analyze the company’s mission statement and its corporate objectives. Be aware that not all text cases have mission statements. You may have to go to the web to get them. After reading the case, can you determine what defined objectives the company wants to achieve? If yes, list them here. Be sure to note in the “problems” section below whether current company plans or actions are inconsistent with the mission or goals. Step 2: Analyze the company’s External Environment (i.e., the industry in which it competes—it’s opportunities and threats). Perform a 5-Forces analysis. Answer this question: What does this tell you about the profitability of the average firm in the industry? Perform an External Environment Scan. From the case, list any and all pieces of information that fall into the following categories: External technology issues External political/legal/regulatory issues External sociological/societal issues External economic forces What does this tell you about outside forces and their potential to impact company operations? Step 3: Analyze the company’s Internal Environment (i.e., the company’s internal strengths and weaknesses). Perform a financial ratio analysis for the last 2 years worth of financial information. What does this tell you about the company’s ability to fund its competitive maneuvers? Perform a DuPont Analysis on the most recent year’s financial data. What does this tell you about where the strengths/weaknesses are with the company’s internal financial management? Define the company’s core competencies. Using the core competencies, perform a VRIO analysis. Draw value chains as necessary. For each of the core competencies you listed above, does the VRIO analysis lead you to believe that any of them can be considered competitive advantages? For all the competitive advantages you identified in the above point, how many are sustainable? Why? Step 4: Now that you have analyzed both internal and external elements, perform a SWOT analysis. What does this tell you about the company? Step 5: Perform a Strategies Analysis Define which corporate-level strategy the company is attempting to follow. Your answer has to be either Growth, Stability, or Decline. Discuss your answer. Define the business-level strategies that are in use. For each of the main product lines mentioned in the case, define which generic strategy (e.g., cost leadership, differentiation, etc.) the company is attempting to follow. Is this strategy still appropriate given what you now know about the industry and the company? Step 6: Now that you’ve done all of the above, define what you see as the main company problems and/or strategic challenges. List these issues. If there are many, it may be helpful to categorize these as being “Major Problems” and “Minor Problems”. Be aware that sometimes cases are written about very successful companies that will not showcase problems. Step 7: For each of the problems listed above, create an action plan for solving the challenge/problem.