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Use of Research in Clinical Practice Throughout this course, you have examined and considered how the research process contributes to the field of clinical nursing practice. More than just an exercise in developing a research question, searching the literature to guide future research, and performing actual data collection/data analysis, the conclusions you draw from your research findings are useful in helping to develop and enact effective clinical practice. In essence, the process of conducting research contributes to positive social change in that the solutions that you might propose as a nurse researcher and professional will likely impact quality of care and patient safety. For this Discussion, read the book chapter by Titler (2008) presented in this week’s resources that describes evidence-based practice and translational science, as well as the kind of research needed for both. Then, reflect on how the knowledge you gained about research will support your effort as a nursing professional to improve patient quality and safety. Describe how you will use evidence-based practice to improve patient quality and safety in your health care setting. Be specific and provide examples. Then, explain how the knowledge gained about research in this course will support your role in practice as a nursing professional. Then, describe how you will use evidence-based practice to improve patient quality and safety. Be sure to include in your Discussion any unanswered questions that need to be considered by your classmates and/or Instructor. Note: Post a three paragraph (at least 350 words) response. Be sure to use evidence from the readings and include in-text citations. Utilize essay-level writing practice and skills, including the use of transitional material and organizational frames. Use the writing resources to develop your post. Evidence In-text Citations Essay-Level Transitional Material Organizational Frames

Select an important health problem related to maternal and infant health (see reading and resources). Describe the interventions for this problem across the five strategies of health-related interventions – health promotion, specific protection, early detection, disability limitation, and rehabilitation. Requirements: Minimum of two full pages of text in length. Please ensure you cite your references in APA format.

Geriatric depression is a common problem that can impact the quality of life for any older adult. This is a common problem, however, it is never a normal problem. Depression can lead to unexplained pain, feelings of hopelessness, anxiety, memory problems, and self neglect. When assessing a geriatric patient, the assessment must include a depression assessment. Interview any patient, friend or relative over the age of 75 years and complete the “Geriatric depression Scale” found on page 837 of the text. What problems have you identified by using the scale? What are their relevance to the patient? And, how effective did you find this scale in determining if depression might be an issue?

Based on the readings below, write an individual essay arguing your point of view on the tradeoff between pharmaceutical innovation (as patent system and lack of price controls in the U.S. preserve financial incentives to invest in drug development) and consumer cost (higher/unaffordable drug prices). What do you think would be a feasible strategy (or combination strategies) that would balance pharmaceutical innovation incentives and lower consumer costs? – From the drug manufacturers’ perspective and societal perspective: Required readings will include journal articles on the effect of innovation incentives on drug development and journal articles evaluating the high economic (opportunity) cost of drug development: • Goldman, D. P., Lakdawalla, D. N., Malkin, J. D., Romley, J., & Philipson, T. (2011). The benefits from giving makers of conventional ‘small molecule’ drugs longer exclusivity over clinical trial data. Health Affairs, 30(1), 84-90. • DiMasi, J. A., Hansen, R. W., & Grabowski, H. G. (2003). The price of innovation: new estimates of drug development costs. Journal of Health Economics, 22(2), 151-185. • Danzon, P. M., Wang, Y. R., & Wang, L. (2005). The impact of price regulation on the launch delay of new drugs—evidence from twenty‐ five major markets in the 1990s. Health Economics, 14(3), 269-292. – From the patient perspective and societal perspective: Required readings will include opinion articles from the NY Times on patients skipping or rationing essential medications due to their high costs, frequent changes in drugs covered due to negotiations between drug manufacturers and PBMs, etc: • https://www.nytimes.com/video/opinion/100000006488930/insulin-pricecosts.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article (Links to an external site.) • https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/24/opinion/drug-prices-congress.html (Links to an external site.) • https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/06/opinion/drug-pricing-trump.html (Links to an external site.) • https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/18/opinion/cost-insurance-diabetes-insulin.html (Links to an external site.) Rubric: You will have to write an opening statement paragraph illustrating your point of view (25 points) and argument with 3 reasons illustrated using evidence from the readings in one paragraph each (15 points each).