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Hospital Acquired Infections -PICOT question: Does proper hand hygiene among healthcare providers reduces the risks of hospital acquired infections?

Does proper hand hygiene among healthcare providers reduces the risks of hospital acquired infections

Hospital Acquired Infections -PICOT question: Does proper hand hygiene among healthcare providers reduces the risks of hospital acquired infections?

The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate your ability to formulate a SIGNIFICANT Clinical question and to summarize, critique, and synthesize current research. This assignment will be a review of the literature directly related to the topic or problem under questioning, followed by an explanation of how your clinical question gets answered out of that review.
The purpose of the literature review is to know what others have discovered before you begin your investigation of your own, in order to establish a foundation for the topic (or question) being reviewed.

In addition, you will be considering the clinical application of this research to professional nursing practice. This Literature Review will be based upon your individual clinical interest. Each student will choose a problem faced by clients in your practice area that you think is important and would like to learn more about. Students will turn in a 3-4 page literature review paper on the standing knowledge of the chosen question.

The purpose of this assignment is to demonstrate your ability to complete an online literature search on a topic of interest.

You will locate, retrieved and summarize at least eight (8) research studies that research articles, which meet the following criteria:

Firstly, Original research studies preferably published from 2013 to the present.

Secondly, At least six of the eight studies should be quantitative research.

Thirdly, Two studies may be qualitative (but this is not a requirement).

Fourthly, You may also use systematic reviews, metanalysis or clinical practice guidelines.

Further, Make sure that in your paper address the scope of the problem. Including, what is that you are trying to achieve (purpose). In addition, include a description of search strategy you used, including search terms and databases that help you retrieve the material. Follow APA 6th style rules.Outline for writing your literature review:

1-Introduction
2-Methods
3-Results
4-Discussion
5-Conclusion
6-References

Recommended databases
CINAHL/EBSCO
MEDLINE/EBSCO
HEALTH SOURCE/NURSING/ACADEMIC EBSCO

A disease has a 5% prevalence in the population. You need to choose between two tests.
1)     If the disease is present, the first test will give a positive result with probability 0.90. If the disease is not present, it will give a positive result with probability 0.05.
2)     If the disease is present, the second test will give a positive result with probability 0.98. If the disease is not present, it will give a positive result with probability 0.10.

A disease has a 5% prevalence in the population

Question 1                                                                                                                (9 Marks)

A disease has a 5% prevalence in the population. You need to choose between two tests.
1)     If the disease is present, the first test will give a positive result with probability 0.90. If the disease is not present, it will give a positive result with probability 0.05.
2)     If the disease is present, the second test will give a positive result with probability 0.98. If the disease is not present, it will give a positive result with probability 0.10.

a)     For each of the tests, what is the probability that someone has the disease given a positive test result?
b)     The disease is highly contagious, and so those with the disease need to be quarantined. Which test would you recommend? Explain your reasoning.

Question 2                       (9 Marks)

Poker is a game played with a standard deck of 52 cards.[1] The aim of a hand of poker is to finish with the strongest five card combination. In straight draw poker, each player is dealt five cards. Players are then given a single opportunity to discard as many cards as they wish and have them replaced with new cards off the top of the deck. In the questions that follow, only your hand is being dealt from the deck of cards (i.e. you do not need to worry about cards dealt to other players).

On the initial deal:
1)     How many five-card hands can be dealt from a deck of 52 cards?
2)     What is the probability that a five-card hand contains four aces?
What to keep:
3)     You currently have two pairs. If you discard your fifth card, what is the probability that you will complete a full house (three of a kind plus a pair)?
4)     From the initial deal you have the Four of Spades, Five of Spades, Six of Spades, Seven of Hearts and Jack of Spades. In deciding what to discard, you can either discard the Seven of Hearts and try for a flush (five cards from the same suit, in any order) or discard the Jack of Spades and try for a straight (five cards in order, in any combination of suits). Which hand are you more likely to complete?

Section 2 – Discrete Probability Distributions

Question 3      (7 Marks)

You wish to form an investment portfolio, and have three assets to choose from, a high-risk asset A, and medium-risk asset B, and a zero-risk asset C.

The returns per $1,000 invested for each of these assets in each of three possible economic conditions is give in the table below:
1)     What is the expected return and variance of returns for each asset?
2)     Derive the general formula for the variance of the sum of three random variables.
3)     What is the expected return and variance of returns for a portfolio that invests $300 in A, $400 in B, and $300 in C?

Question 4      (5 Marks)

A cloth manufacturer measures defects per metre of cloth, and estimates that on average, there is one flaw per five metres of cloth. What is the probability that:

a)     a 1-metre length of cloth has two or more flaws?
b)     a 10-metre length of cloth has one or more flaws?
c)      a 50-metre roll will have between five and 15 (inclusive) flaws?

Question 5                                                                                                                (5 Marks)

A government tax office auditor is to select and audit six tax returns from a batch of 100. If two or more of the selected returns contain errors, the whole batch will be audited.

a)     What is the probability that the whole batch will be audited if the true number of errors in the batch is:
i.      25?
ii.      30?
iii.      5?
iv.      10?
b)     What factors would you consider in choosing the size of the sample that you check (assuming you do not have to stick to checking 6)? How would it vary with the true error rate?

Section 3 – Continuous Probability Distributions

Question 6                                       (5 Marks)

A trucking company was worked out that on average its trucks drive 100,000 kilometres a year, with a standard deviation of 20,000 kilometres. The distances driven are normally distributed.

a)     What proportion of the trucks will drive between 80,000 and 120,000 kilometres a year?
b)     What percentage of trucks will drive less than 60,000 or more than 140,000 kilometres per year?
c)      What minimum distance will be driven by at least 80% of the trucks?

Section 4 – Sampling Distributions

Question 7                                                                                                                (5 Marks)

In the first quarter of 2014, the rental cost of a three-bedroom house in a regional town was $300 with a standard deviation of $30. Assume that the rental costs are normally distributed. If you select a random sample of ten rental properties, what is the probability that the sample will have a mean rental cost of:

a)     Less than $290?
b)     Between $285 and $290?
c)      Greater than $308?
[1] If you are not familiar with playing cards, see here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_52-card_deck . If you are not familiar with poker, see here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poker . You need to know the composition of a deck, but the questions should not require knowledge of the game.

This is a paper that is focusing on the qualitative methods in a healthcare organization analysis. The paper also provides additional questions to focus on while writing the assignment paper.

Qualitative methods in a healthcare organization analysis

Purpose This assignment is to help you learn to do the following: Analyze the use of quantitative methods in a healthcare organization. Utilize the diversity of perspectives and skills across team members. Action Items Select a healthcare organization that your team will research and analyze for this assigment. As a team, you will write a summative analysis and report on the potential application of quantitative models to organizational problems, issues, and/or cases in the healthcare field. You may want to conduct some of your research using the MBA Healthcare research guide or Yahoo! Finance – Healthcare Industry. Compose a 7-12 page summative analysis in which you: Define the issue / situation.

Firstly, describe why you believe quantitative methods are used. Secondly, describe the specific quantitative methods that are in the organization selection. Thirdly, name each method and also its specific purpose. Fourthly, evaluate the appropriateness of the methods used and provide suggestions for improved quantitative analysis. Also, reflect on what this teaches you about the importance of the use of quantitative methods by the organization. Use Word, Excel, and PowerPoint to present your analysis. Format your paper according to APA standards.

You may want to reference the Purdue Online Writing Lab: APA Formatting and Style Guide. Submit your assignment to Turnitin, using the Turnitin tool above. Remember to allow adequate time to receive feedback from Turnitin. Your instructor will not consider your assignment to be submitted and will not grade your assignment until you have submitted to Turnitin and addressed any issues identified. Compose an individual paper (2-4 pages), explaining the role you played in the team paper and reflecting on the use of the quantitative methods used

This is a paper that is focusing on the impact of medication adherence issues for chronic illness patients. The paper also provides further questions to answer for the assignment paper.

Impact of medication adherence issues for chronic illness patients

Format and length
6 PowerPoint presentation (6 content slides + reference slides) with descriptions of each slide in the add note sections.
Topic
Medication adherence strategies for patients with multiple chronic diseases.

Purpose
This assessment task will allow students to demonstrate an understanding of the impact of medication adherence issues for patient with chronic illness and or disability. Students will have the opportunity to apply specific frameworks to ensure critical thinking, clinical reasoning and the principles of caring for people with a chronic illness or disability are applied. Polypharmacy is the use of several medicines concurrently (Page, Falster, Litchfield, Pearson & Etherton-Beer, 2019) and is often observed in patients with one or more chronic diseases. Lam and Fresco (2015) indicate patients with chronic disease correctly take only 50% of medications prescribed. Health care professionals, especially nurses, have a significant role in improving patient medication adherence.
Referencing
APA 6th Edition as per study guide. References must meet the academic standards of recency, relevance and reliability. 20 high quality resources are to be (minimum) with no resources over 5 years old.

Task:
Students are to develop a PowerPoint (description on add note section) on medication adherence for patients with multiple chronic diseases. It is that appropriate evidence-base literature will be to support the presentation. Students may take inspiration from experiences from on clinical placement to provide context and examples to answer the following questions:

Firstly, what are consequences of medication nonadherence for patients with multiple chronic diseases?
Secondly, what are the patient factors likely to affect medication adherence?
Thirdly, outline THREE suitable strategies to overcome patient-initiated barriers to improve medication adherence for patients with multiple chronic diseases.
Fourthly, how would the Registered Nurse evaluate the efficacy of these techniques?

 

The patient access staff at an internal medicine practice are discussing a significant trend of no-show and cancelled appointments. One receptionist stated that she was told by the coordinator to never schedule patients who call for same day

The patient access staff at an internal medicine practice

Consider the following scenario:
The patient access staff at an internal medicine practice are discussing a significant trend of no-show and cancelled appointments. One receptionist stated that she was told by the coordinator to never schedule patients who call for same day appointments unless it is an emergency, such as medication reactions, so patients would value their appointments and discourage them from not showing up or cancelling. The coordinator also indicated that the change was approved by the CEO. A receptionist became emotional and stated, “This is not right. We are here to help patients. Your plan does not seem to be working, and I think we should try something else.”

The coordinator then asked the staff how the patient recall list and the confirmation of appointments were managed.

At this point, another receptionist indicated she thought the patient contact software was not working correctly. It was displaying confirmation icons for scheduled patients, but a few patients called to confirm their appointments on their own. She said, “We need to do something about this now and stop talking about it. I report ed my suspicion several times to management but nothing was check ed. I think patients calling to confirm their appointments is proof that the software does not work correctly.”

The coordinator continued to ignore the direct statements of the staff. Instead, she suggest ed she would study the relationship between patient gender, age, payer, and date appointments were set to determine if there were any patterns. “It’s about time you become involved in the solution,” a scheduler said. “Okay,” the coordinator said, “I am trying to solve this dilemma. We will accomplish nothing by complaining.” The first receptionist replied, “We will never solve the problem if you do not process our input.”

The coordinator smiled politely and nodded in agreement.

In addition, everyone agreed that the data she would study could be helpful as a starting point. The coordinator further indicated she would have IT investigate issues with the patient contact software. A few days later, the coordinator met with all of the staff and shared her findings. Her finding reveal ed there was no relationship between dates schedule d and cancel led appointments or no-shows. She also indicated that IT found 893 patient portal messages unopened. The messages included requests to reschedule and text replies to cancel.

The group developed a consensus to follow the original scheduling protocol, which was patients are scheduled on a first call basis and the artificial barrier of two weeks was terminated. The coordinator accepted responsibility for the lack of follow-up on patient messages, but then assigned another scheduler the daily task of checking and responding to messages. The coordinator thanked everyone for their feedback, ideas, and support. She quipped, “Emotions are okay. Passion should be evident in all of us every day.”

Write a 500 – 700-word paper (in APA format) in which you address each of the 5 bullet points below:

Describe the type of conflict illustrated in the scenario. (Must be type of conflict as noted in the textbook.)
Identify strategies the manager could use to resolve the conflict between the team members to create a supportive climate again.
Explain how the defensive climate created by the conflict will affect the workplace relationship between team members.
Explain how the manager can measure the performance of the team.
Finally, How can the manager determine if the team members are progressing or meeting their objectives?

Cite your resources and format your paper according in to APA guidelines.