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You’ll see the terms preferential trade agreements, trade agreements, regional trade agreements, and bilateral trade agreements.

See the terms preferential trade agreements, trade agreements

Some important notes before getting into the readings:

1.    You’ll see the terms preferential trade agreements, trade agreements, regional trade agreements, and bilateral trade agreements.

a.    They all stand for the same thing, a treaty between two (in the case of bilateral agreements) or many (in the case of regional trade agreements like the EU) that drop trade barriers for signatories but not non-signatories.

2.    Why don’t trade agreements violate the rules of reciprocity in the WTO?

a.    Reciprocity means that state that a country may not restrict trade against another member and must offer to all partners what it offers to one?

·         WTO rules permit preferential trade agreements that go beyond the reduction in tariffs required by WTO rules. Basically, as long as a country is meeting minimum standards, it can become more open with just a few of its trade partners. That’s why a treaty like the USMCA (formerly NAFTA) which drops lots of trade barriers is allowed to only do so for Mexico and Canada.

Must eliminate tariffs on “substantially all” trade within “reasonable” time period.

o   Cannot raise tariffs on non-members

So, these are treaties—agreements between states to cooperate on trade policy. Baccini (2019) covers much of the empirical literature about these agreements in his review. He uses the terms Macrofoundations and Microfoundations. Macrofoundation is just a fancy term for “structure” which means large institutions like governments, international institutions, or general global/national economic conditions.

Microfoundations are the decisions of individual actors—from a single company to a literal individual.

1.    Macro: Why do states make these treaties?

a.    Generally makes economies (as a whole) stronger and larger.

Firstly, this DOES NOT mean that everyone in the economy will be better off, remember that this is at the macro level.

b.    Democracy—need to prove that the economy is better to get re-elected.

Firstly, only works for pairs of democracies

Secondly, can only benefit a voting base

c.    “Tie hands” by using international commitments to prevent government from caving to domestic pressure in developing states.

d.    Because competing countries have signed trade agreements.

2.    Micro: Why do states make these treaties?

a.    Large firms that need to save costs by engaging in mass production want free trade. As do firms that want to offshore some operation (this will be important for the multinational corporation (MNCs) section).

b.    Where industries trade heavily with each other.

c.    MNCs might use lobbying to get trade agreements that block out MNC competitors.

i.    Eg free trade with Vietnam to avoid competition with China.

3.    Effects of Trade Agreements

a.    Trade and FDI increases

b.    Increased foreign aid sent to developing states that sign PTAs with developed states.

c.    Can increase chances of democratization

Margalit 2011 What about Jobs?!?

·         As you might have noticed from the previous piece, a lot of the research into the effects of trade agreements is focused on issues like trade itself. While we do know that trade does not affect everyone equally—some people lose income, some firms close down, others open up—we are just now starting to study how that plays out.

·         Looking at how changes in the international economy affects domestic politics (we normally look at the other direction)

·         Asking whether increases in trade (globalization) changes how voters vote, and whether this is just because of regular changes in employment or foreign competition from lowered trade barriers.

o   Workers will care if they are able to link their job loss to changes in international trade with other states.

·         Both happen. Job losses lead to decreases for the incumbent, and local counties where jobs are lost because of foreign trade decrease support for the incumbent even more.

 

This is a paper that is focusing on the compare Confucian Daoist and Legalist ideas. The paper also provides additional information to use in writing the assignment paper clearly.

Compare Confucian Daoist and Legalist ideas

Instructions for this assignment:

For this essay, you are to compare Confucian, Daoist, and Legalist ideas about how people should be governed. To do so, review what happened in China during the long Zhou Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty (Chapter 3, pp. 122-134; Khan Academy, “The Philosophers of the Warring States”). As the book explains, during the later Zhou Dynasty (the Warring States Period), China fell into disarray as several states warred with one another for the right to rule the land. It was in this context that individuals engaged in philosophical reflection on what was needful to restore order and a good society. These individuals were later categorized as belonging to different schools of thought. Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism were three of the most important.

For this essay, review that historical background and then read selections on governing from Confucius’s Analects, the Laozi (“Old Master”, also known as the Dao de jing), and the Han Feizi (Master Han Fei). These are, respectively, Confucian, Daoist, and Legalist texts, and the selections introduce the author or the person to whom the writing is rightly or wrongly attributed.

To write this essay, introduce the historical setting (time, place, events), these three texts and their authors (or putative authors), and the topic of the paper. The topic for this paper is Confucian, Daoist, and Legalist ideas about how people should be governed, and their similarities or differences. Explain these ideas based strictly on these three primary sources (be sure to read the entire selection). This highlighted point is important. Go to these ancient sources for yourself, and develop your insights based on them, and explain your reasoning based on them. That means quoting or paraphrasing them as necessary to explain your thinking. Then conclude.

Writing Guidelines:

Firstly, your completed assignment should be roughly 1000 words.
Secondly, you must write in complete sentences and paragraphs.
Thirdly, please cite your sources internally using parenthetical citations or footnotes, and include a complete bibliography at the end of your paper.
Fourthly, introducing materials from other sources risks plagiarism and should be avoided.
Be original – All papers in this class are via Turnitin.com, a proprietary software database that identifies unoriginal material in papers. Please review the syllabus statement regarding the penalty for plagiarism.
Submit your citations and bibliography within your paper.
Resources:

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/ancient-medieval/zhou-qin-han-china/a/the-philosophers-of-the-warring-states
http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/cup/confucius_govt.pdf
http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/cup/laozi_govt.pdf
http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/cup/hanfei_five_vermin.pdf

The Vietnam War, explain how the power of the media helped shape public opinion, leading to democratic change. Be sure to cite examples. Keep your response to fewer than 300 words.

The Vietnam War, explain how the power of the media helped shape public opinion

The Vietnam War, explain how the power of the media helped shape public opinion, leading to democratic change. Be sure to cite examples. Keep your response to fewer than 300 words.

**See the video: The Pentagon Papers by Daniel Ellsberg**

Paper requirements;

Organization: Writing directly addresses all parts of the question and incorporates and cites specific examples from outside the reading. It shows strong attention to logic and reasoning.

Level of Context: content does an outstanding job of analyzing sources within their historical context and synthesizing ideas and information to reach an understanding of causes and consequences of events and developments.

Development: main points are well develop and support. The work shows a high degree of critical thinking. Grammar and also

Mechanics: The writing is free of distracting spelling, punctuation, and also grammatical errors, fragments, and run-on sentences.

More details;

The Vietnam War and the media

This is paper that is focusing on the Data analytics and visualization literature review research. The paper also provides additional information to use in writing the research paper clearly.

Data analytics and visualization literature review research

Data Analytics and Visualization

Introduction
Individuals must undertake a comprehensive literature review of academic research focusing on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on business and also the role of data analytics in the crisis/ post crisis business environment.

Specification
The process you follow should reflect the following phases:
Your paper must address all four Key Themes which reflect the key themes covered by the module:
1.    Firstly, evaluation of the role of data analytics and operations as companies, organisations, governments and society adapts to the “new normal”.
2.    Secondly, an analysis of the opportunities and dangers relating to data security and payment systems.
3.    Thirdly, a critique of a new technology whose adoption may be accelerated by the crisis.
4.    Fourthly, an exploration of a controversial ethical issues relating to digital adoption and data analytics stating both viewpoints of the controversy.

Your paper must include Harvard style referencing (inline references in the body of the text and a reference section at the end).

Data analytics and visualization literature review research

Format
The Format of your final submission will be as follows:

1.    Firstly, a cover Page: See Assignment Cover Sheet in Moodle – includes confirmation that this is all your own work, XID, Name, Topic & word count etc.
2.    Secondly, a Table of Contents – ensure you use headings to automate TOC especially important to avoid references/bibliography being included in matched content.
3.    Thirdly, an introduction – context setting. A cohesive introduction is required to bring the key themes together into a single narrative. (approx. 500 words)
4.    Following, with a main Body – your research. A section dedicated to each of the four Key Themes. Relating the theory to practical examples is important and as is providing evidence of what is occurring in the business environment (approx. 2000 words)
5.    Lastly, conclusions – substantiate your conclusions with particular reference to the real-world examples. (approx. 500 words)

6.    Bibliography and also references. (Poorly referenced work will be marked down to a  maximum mark 40%)
7.    Keep all quotes to less than six words.

Describe the information conveyed to trainees in the distance learning module. Articulate how a distance learning module fits into the overall training program design.

Describe the information conveyed to trainees in the distance learning module

For this assessment, complete the following:
Describe the information conveyed to trainees in the distance learning module.

Articulate how a distance learning module fits into the overall training program design.

Assess the strengths and weaknesses of distance learning on an organization’s training strategy.

Illustrate how practice and feedback are incorporated to measure the transfer of learning.

Analyze how distance learning supports employee development.

Finally, evaluate the effectiveness of measurements used for a distance learning module in the training and development program.
Additional Requirements

Written communication: Written communication is in a professional style with correct grammar, usage, and mechanics.

APA formatting: Resources and citations are according to current APA style.

Headings: Incorporate level headings according to current APA style.

Length: A typical response will be 3 pages.

Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.

References: Use at least two references.

More details;

What is Distance Learning? The Benefits of Studying Remotely

What is distance learning? The distance learning definition may seem confusing at first, but it’s quite simple, and it may even be the right kind of education for you. Let’s learn more about distance education, how it’s different from online learning, and if it’s the ideal fit for you.

 

What Is Distance Learning?

Merriam Webster defines distance learning as, “a method of study where teachers and students do not meet in a classroom but use the Internet, e-mail, mail, etc., to have classes.”

 

Simply put, distance learning is when students are separate d from teachers and peers. This means that students learn remotely and do not have face-to-face learning with instructors or other students.